Watermills, windmills and horse-mills of South Africa / James Walton

PART ONE. HAND MILLS. - Non-rotatin hand-mills. Pestles and mortars. Grain-rubbers. Saddle-querns. - Rotating hand-mills. - References. PART TWO. THRESHING AND WINNOWING. - Koringharps. - References. PART THREE. WATER-MILLS. - Origin and early history. - History of water mills in South Africa. Cape town water mills. Vergelegen water mill. Elsenburg water mill. Stellenbosch water mill. Drakenstein, Fransch Hoek and Tulbagh water mills. Uitenhage water-mills. Farmer's mills. Mission water mills. Eastern Province water mills. Natal water-mills. Caledon Valley water mills. THE MACHINERY OF SOUT AFRICAN WATER MILLS. Water wheels. - Undershot wheels. - Overshot wheels. - Supply of water to overshot wheels. - Pitch-back wheels. - Breast-shot wheels. - The Pelton water-wheel. The dirve to the stones. - The Vitruvian drive. - Spur-wheel gearing. - Lineshaft transmission. - The cogged-rim drive. The millstones. - Lifting the runner-stone. - Rynds. - Brigging the spindle. - Tentering the stones. The feed to the stones. - The soe. - The crook-string and twist-peg. - The damsel. - The miller's willow. - The silent feed. - The alarm-bell. Dressing the meal. Measuring the meal. MILL HOUSES. - Mill houses with stones-platforms. - Two storeyed mill houses. - Three storeyed mill houses. OTHER USES OF WATER MILLS. REFERENCES. PART FOUR. HORIZONTAL WATER MILLS. REFERENCES. PART FIVE. WINDMILLS. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT. - Post mills. - Tower mills. Cape tower-mills: Oude molen, Clapperton's Mill, Nieuve Molen, Monster's Mill, Valkenbourg Mill, Onderneming Mill, The Salt River windmills. Other Western Province tower-mills. Eastern Province tower-mills. - Smock Mills. - Hollow post mills. - Wind engines. CLASSIFICATION OF SOUTH AFRICAN WINDMILLS. - Windmill caps. Winding the cap. THE MACHINERY OF THE WINDMILL. - The sails. - The drive to the stones. - Tentering the stones. DIRECTIONS FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF MOSTER'S MILL / by C. Bremer, Adorp, Holland. REFERENCES. PART SIX. HORSE MILLS. OTHER USES OF HORSE MILLS. - Snuff mills. - Bucket pumps. - Horse engines. - The Compensations sugar mill. - Horse gins. REFERENCES. Selected bibliography. Appendix one. Distribution maps. Appendix two. Census of South African mills 1830-1880. Index: South African mills mentioned in the text.